The
United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development or the
Earth Summit at its debut in 1992 had a twelve year old grab the
attention of world leaders. This child became known as “the girl
who silenced the world for five minutes,” her words filled with
passion, bringing some of those listening to tears. To a gathering
of world leaders, some 108 countries had been represented by their
heads of state such as US President George Bush Sr. and Canada's P.M.
Brian Mulroney, she said, “We've come 5000 miles to tell you adults
you must change your ways.”
Fast
forward to 2012 the United Nations Conference on the Environment and
Development or as it was called RIO+20 had no child to stop the world
instead glamour was used to sell the concept to the young and inspire
them to action. Prior to the Earth Summit several other events were
held such as the UNEP Green Nations Fest. Ambassadors for the UNEP,
supermodel Gisele and actor Don Cheadle (best known by the young for
his Iron Man movie) came to encourage more people to take part in
World Environment Day and promise to plant trees. As it was
announced some 50,000 new trees were promised to be planted in
Brazil, with the first in front of cameras and an adoring crowd
planted by Gisele. For the sceptic the question remains, who is
really going to keep an official count of the number of trees that
will be planted and verified? In a country where deforestation is an
acute problem this public gesture looked good on camera.
It
has been weeks since the end of RIO+20 and the world stage is
preoccupied with a new event, the 'Green' Olympics, perhaps it is the
best time to take a look at the Rio Earth Summit and our need for
public spectacles such as these gatherings. It is not scepticism but
a need for reality that is the motivator now that the publicity has
died down and Gisele is off to another fashion shoot, and the other
stars and personalities crowding the pages of gossip magazines.
The
United Nations Environmental Program, the same UNEP that hosted
tree-huggers for World Environment Day, issued a dire warning when it
released its Global Environment Outlook. It said “the world
continues to speed down an unsustainable path despite over 500
international agreed goals and objectives to support the sustainable
management of the environment and improve human well-being.”
Data compiled by the UNEP shows that water quality and access to
clean water still is the most important issue for many countries, and
by 2015 more than 600 million people will lack access to safe
drinking water. Water is a basic ingredient to human survival and
these statistics are alarming.
Elizabeth
Thompson, Executive Co-ordinator for the Rio Earth Summit had said,
“We have failed. We have not properly maintained the
issue of sustainable development as a way of living, doing business.
That is the overall reason why we have not made the kind of progress
that we should have.” Thompson
said that the Rio conference is hoped to be a “transforming
moment” (Connie Watson CBC news, UNEP report).
Yet unlike the first Earth Summit of 1992 there will be no
agreements that will legally bind countries to meet any environmental
targets. This time it is a gentler RIO+20 where countries will be
asked to work voluntarily to reach targets they set for themselves.
How much of a “transforming moment” was it really when it was
all over?
In
1992 climate change was a new concept, today it is the basis of
argument. Simply put many argue that Earth is simply going through
changes and that the notion of climate change is merely a tool of the
alarmists'. A recent poll in June conducted by the Washington Post
and Stanford University showed that concern over climate change
dropped from 33% to a low 18% as the number one environmental issue.
Climate change is a hard sell in some ways even though we have enough
changing around us to demand attention. The last decade was the
warmest on record and in 2010 emissions from fossil fuels were at the
highest level. “Under current models, greenhouse-gas
emissions could double over the next 50 years, leading to a rise in
global temperatures of three degrees Celsius or more by the end of
the century UNEP said. The annual economic damage from climate
change is estimated at one to two percent of world GDP by 2100 if
temperatures increase by 2.5 C, it warned. The UN's target is 2 C.”
(The Vancouver Sun 'Earth's Resources in Peril, UN Warns', Agence
France – Presse June 8, 2012).
Still
arguments will rage over the validity of science and those who have
their own motivations will continue to point to historical evens as
an explanation. Yet RIO+20 was not solely concerned with climate
change. Instead it was an overall discussion on the sustainability
of our Earth encompassing all facets of consumption, development and
trade. Environmentalists from dozens of organizations had an
opportunity to put their agendas forward, amongst organizations such
as Prosperity Without Growth, UNCTAD and UN Global Compact, Christian
Aid, World Wildlife Fund and so many more - all these interest groups
looking for attention and all with their own views on what we need to
safeguard our future.
RIO+20
was not only a meeting of government representatives, heads of state
and NGO's, it was a set of conferences where corporate CEO's played
the most important role. It is the business world that in fact has
the power to bring about change and influence government policy.
Whether it is the CEO's of Shell and BP with the development of
Canada's oil sands, or Dow Chemicals and its production in Brazil or
the mighty power of the world's stock exchanges with the ability to
promote long-term sustainable investment in their markets, the will
to change is in their hands.
To
some this may be a frightening concept, that the true future of Earth
rests in the hands of the few and the wealthy. Peter Bakker head of
World Business Council for Sustainable Development had this to say in
relation to the many various gatherings and sustainability
initiatives around the world, “they don't even begin to make a
dent in creating a more sustainable world.” He said that
“Business has the technology, innovation, management skills and
financial resources to help us lead us toward a more sustainable
future, and mind you, business has the will to do this.” (the
guardian,'RIO+20: the Earth Summit diaries' by Jo Confino).
Adding
to Peter Bakker's sentiments on the power and will of global
business, CEO's from the Global Alliance for Banking on Values (a
network of sustainable banks), the Green Economy Coalition, and the
Norwegian Forum for Environment and Development presented their
proposals. Andrew Kroglund, Director of Information and Policy at
the Norwegian Forum for Environment and Development said, “Reforming
the financial system will require a range of enabling policies and
cultural changes.” (the guardian, 'RIO+20: the Earth Summit
diaries' by Jo Confino). It is hoped that these proposals will
help create sustainable products, promote diversity to increase
innovation, improve long-term sustainability reporting and discourage
speculative activities with no social benefit. And not to forget a
catchy new slogan, 'banking because the future matters.'
What
is RIO+20 to be remembered for? It had no twelve year old child to
silence the world or bring tears of emotion to our audience. After
all we have had twenty years of maturity since the first Earth Summit
of 1992. Today climate change is not a new concept with dire
warnings, rather the basis for argument on its validity. We do have
'green' as a term or label of pride such as 'green' products and
organically grown produce at the supermarkets, most costing double
the usual price. Peter Bakker's CEO's can at least do their part for
the 'Green' Economy with the purchase of these 'green' products which
most of the ordinary folk cannot afford.
RIO+20
did bring celebrities such as Leonardo Di Caprio, Sir Richard
Branson, Arnold Schwarzenegger and not to forget the opening guests
such as Gisele and Don Cheadle, and hundreds of CEO's from around the
world. US President Obama did not appear, nor did Canada's Prime
Minister Harper or British P.M. David Cameron. Canada's Environment
Minister Peter Kent was very happy with the lack of any firm
commitments, he said “It does not have
unrealistic,
inappropriate binding commitments, and that's a good thing.”
(Heather Scoffield, The Canadian Press).
Was
RIO+20 simply a carnival marking the twentieth anniversary of an
event that brought global attention and commitment to our need to
work together for the future of this Earth and for humanity as a
whole? Was it an opportunity for ominous warnings as that by the UN
Secretary General Ban ki-Moon when he said, “If we really do not
take firm actions, we may be heading towards the end – the end of
our future.” Canadian environmental groups stayed away as did
our prime minister, though international groups such as Greenpeace,
Friends of the Earth and others made their voices heard.
Whether
the opinion of RIO+20 is that of a failure or of a stepping stone for
the future, the words of Cicero Lucena and John Geemer prior to the
opening of the summit ring loud and clear. They speak of the true
legacy of the Earth Summit of 1992 without the child or the emotion:
“Yet,
two decades on, all the major scientific indicators continue to
flash red. And sadly, it is now clear that a large part of the
summit's riginal
potential has been squandered. Since 2000 alone, forests equivalent
in size to the land mass of Germany have been lost; 80% of the world's
fish stocks have collapsed or are on the brink of collapse; and the Gobi
desert is growing by roughly 10,000 square kilometres every year. The
list of environmental pressures grow by the day, and there can be
little doubt
that the unsustainable use of natural resources will be the biggest challenge
facing mankind in the 21st
century. So why haven't we done better
since 1992?” (the
guardian, 'Why Rio failed in the past and how it can succeed
this time). Senator Cicero Luccena is first Secretary of
the Brazilian Senate and
President of GLOBE Brazil. Lord
Gummer is a former UK environment minister and president of GLOBE International.
Lasse
Gustavsson of the WWF had this to say of RIO+20, “We don't need
meaningless pages right now. What we need is a manual to save the
world.” (the guardian, Jo Confino). RIO+20 produced a Lego
manual and if anyone is familiar with one of those than you will
understand just how much trouble we are in. Still there is the 11th
Conference of Parties (COP11) of the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CCBD) in Hyderabad, India in October, and the 'Green'
Olympics.
Whereas
in 1992, a twelve year old Canadian girl stood before world leaders
and said, “We've come 5000 miles to tell you adults you must change
your ways,” now it is we the adults who have to motivate you, the
young to adapt the knowledge and make a difference for our combined
future.
Another
child stopped the world and brought many to tears. Who can forget
the little girl running in Vietnam burnt and in pain. The horror of
war had no more an alarming depiction yet it did not stop war, nor
the pain of children.
Send comments to: demtruth@gmail.com